diff --git a/frontend/js/components/admin-create-org-modal.js b/frontend/js/components/admin-create-org-modal.js
index 65a2467..bce6202 100644
--- a/frontend/js/components/admin-create-org-modal.js
+++ b/frontend/js/components/admin-create-org-modal.js
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ export function openCreateOrgModal(opts = {}) {
     <div class="modal">
       <div class="modal-header">
         <h3>${t('admin.create_org.title')}</h3>
-        <button class="btn-icon" type="button" data-org-close aria-label="Close">
+        <button class="btn-icon" type="button" data-org-close aria-label="${t('common.close')}">
           <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2">
             <line x1="18" y1="6" x2="6" y2="18"/><line x1="6" y1="6" x2="18" y2="18"/>
           </svg>
diff --git a/frontend/js/components/admin-user-workspaces-modal.js b/frontend/js/components/admin-user-workspaces-modal.js
index 2544799..bb4f0e0 100644
--- a/frontend/js/components/admin-user-workspaces-modal.js
+++ b/frontend/js/components/admin-user-workspaces-modal.js
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ export function openManageWorkspacesModal(user, opts = {}) {
     <div class="modal">
       <div class="modal-header">
         <h3>${t('manage_ws.title', { user: esc(user.name || user.email) })}</h3>
-        <button class="btn-icon" type="button" data-mws-close aria-label="Close">
+        <button class="btn-icon" type="button" data-mws-close aria-label="${t('common.close')}">
           <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><line x1="18" y1="6" x2="6" y2="18"/><line x1="6" y1="6" x2="18" y2="18"/></svg>
         </button>
       </div>
diff --git a/frontend/js/components/type-to-confirm-modal.js b/frontend/js/components/type-to-confirm-modal.js
index ef8da1f..94bc9f5 100644
--- a/frontend/js/components/type-to-confirm-modal.js
+++ b/frontend/js/components/type-to-confirm-modal.js
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ export function openTypeToConfirmModal(opts = {}) {
     <div class="modal">
       <div class="modal-header">
         <h3>${esc(title || '')}</h3>
-        <button class="btn-icon" type="button" data-ttc-close aria-label="Close">
+        <button class="btn-icon" type="button" data-ttc-close aria-label="${t('common.close')}">
           <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2">
             <line x1="18" y1="6" x2="6" y2="18"/><line x1="6" y1="6" x2="18" y2="18"/>
           </svg>
diff --git a/frontend/js/components/workspace-members-add-user-modal.js b/frontend/js/components/workspace-members-add-user-modal.js
index f783259..753ae8b 100644
--- a/frontend/js/components/workspace-members-add-user-modal.js
+++ b/frontend/js/components/workspace-members-add-user-modal.js
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ export function openAddUserModal(workspace, opts = {}) {
     <div class="modal">
       <div class="modal-header">
         <h3>${title}</h3>
-        <button class="btn-icon" type="button" data-add-close aria-label="Close">
+        <button class="btn-icon" type="button" data-add-close aria-label="${t('common.close')}">
           <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2">
             <line x1="18" y1="6" x2="6" y2="18"/><line x1="6" y1="6" x2="18" y2="18"/>
           </svg>
diff --git a/frontend/js/components/workspace-members-invite-modal.js b/frontend/js/components/workspace-members-invite-modal.js
index 4ca6fb2..b018500 100644
--- a/frontend/js/components/workspace-members-invite-modal.js
+++ b/frontend/js/components/workspace-members-invite-modal.js
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ export function openInviteMemberModal(workspace, opts = {}) {
     <div class="modal">
       <div class="modal-header">
         <h3>${t('members.modal.invite_title', { workspace: esc(workspace.name) })}</h3>
-        <button class="btn-icon" type="button" data-invite-close aria-label="Close">
+        <button class="btn-icon" type="button" data-invite-close aria-label="${t('common.close')}">
           <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2">
             <line x1="18" y1="6" x2="6" y2="18"/><line x1="6" y1="6" x2="18" y2="18"/>
           </svg>
diff --git a/frontend/js/components/workspace-rename-modal.js b/frontend/js/components/workspace-rename-modal.js
index 19296b5..8cf3e59 100644
--- a/frontend/js/components/workspace-rename-modal.js
+++ b/frontend/js/components/workspace-rename-modal.js
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { t } from '../i18n.js';
 import { api } from '../api.js';
 
 // Open a rename modal for the given workspace. Uses the existing .modal-overlay
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ export function openWorkspaceRenameModal(workspace) {
     <div class="modal">
       <div class="modal-header">
         <h3>Rename workspace</h3>
-        <button class="btn-icon" type="button" data-rename-close aria-label="Close">
+        <button class="btn-icon" type="button" data-rename-close aria-label="${t('common.close')}">
           <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2">
             <line x1="18" y1="6" x2="6" y2="18"/><line x1="6" y1="6" x2="18" y2="18"/>
           </svg>
diff --git a/frontend/js/components/workspace-switcher.js b/frontend/js/components/workspace-switcher.js
index fda759a..00f88dd 100644
--- a/frontend/js/components/workspace-switcher.js
+++ b/frontend/js/components/workspace-switcher.js
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ function formatResourceCount(n, keyBase, zeroKey) {
 function adminIconsHtml(w) {
   if (!w.can_admin) return '';
   return `
-    <button class="workspace-switcher-members" type="button" data-members-id="${esc(w.id)}" aria-label="Manage members" title="Manage members">
+    <button class="workspace-switcher-members" type="button" data-members-id="${esc(w.id)}" aria-label="${t('switcher.manage_members')}" title="${t('switcher.manage_members')}">
       <svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2">
         <path d="M17 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H5a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2"/>
         <circle cx="9" cy="7" r="4"/>
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ function adminIconsHtml(w) {
         <path d="M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75"/>
       </svg>
     </button>
-    <button class="workspace-switcher-pencil" type="button" data-rename-id="${esc(w.id)}" aria-label="Rename workspace" title="Rename">
+    <button class="workspace-switcher-pencil" type="button" data-rename-id="${esc(w.id)}" aria-label="${t('switcher.rename')}" title="${t('switcher.rename')}">
       <svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2">
         <path d="M12 20h9"/><path d="M16.5 3.5a2.121 2.121 0 1 1 3 3L7 19l-4 1 1-4 12.5-12.5z"/>
       </svg>
diff --git a/frontend/js/i18n/de.js b/frontend/js/i18n/de.js
index 3dc9120..d8c1a11 100644
--- a/frontend/js/i18n/de.js
+++ b/frontend/js/i18n/de.js
@@ -2,6 +2,12 @@
 // standard for B2B software in DACH). Native review recommended before
 // publicizing as fully supported.
 export default {
+  'common.close': 'Schließen',
+  'switcher.manage_members': 'Mitglieder verwalten',
+  'switcher.rename': 'Workspace umbenennen',
+  'wall.rename': 'Wand umbenennen',
+  'wall.remove_from_wall': 'Von der Wand entfernen',
+  'dashboard.select_for_wall': 'Für Videowand auswählen',
   'team.unavailable_desc': 'Diese Funktion ist nicht verfügbar, während sie für die Zusammenarbeit mit Workspaces neu gestaltet wird. Vorhandene Teamdaten bleiben erhalten.',
   'team.unavailable_title': 'Teams wird überarbeitet',
   'settings.help_tip': 'Ihr Profil, Passwort und die Zwei-Faktor-Anmeldung sowie API-Tokens für Integrationen und Werkzeuge zum Export und Import Ihrer Daten.',
diff --git a/frontend/js/i18n/en.js b/frontend/js/i18n/en.js
index a3f1abc..6a9e462 100644
--- a/frontend/js/i18n/en.js
+++ b/frontend/js/i18n/en.js
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 // English translations. This file is the source of truth for keys —
 // every other locale should mirror its keys (or fall back to en).
 export default {
+  'common.close': 'Close',
+  'switcher.manage_members': 'Manage members',
+  'switcher.rename': 'Rename workspace',
+  'wall.rename': 'Rename wall',
+  'wall.remove_from_wall': 'Remove from wall',
+  'dashboard.select_for_wall': 'Select for video wall',
   'team.unavailable_desc': 'This feature is unavailable while it is redesigned to work with Workspaces. Existing team data is preserved.',
   'team.unavailable_title': 'Teams is being rebuilt',
   'settings.help_tip': 'Your profile, password and two-factor sign-in, plus API tokens for integrations and tools to export or import your data.',
diff --git a/frontend/js/i18n/es.js b/frontend/js/i18n/es.js
index 84e81d9..b1fde20 100644
--- a/frontend/js/i18n/es.js
+++ b/frontend/js/i18n/es.js
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 // Spanish translations. Reviewed for UI register (informal tú).
 // Native review still recommended before publicizing as fully supported.
 export default {
+  'common.close': 'Cerrar',
+  'switcher.manage_members': 'Gestionar miembros',
+  'switcher.rename': 'Renombrar espacio de trabajo',
+  'wall.rename': 'Renombrar muro',
+  'wall.remove_from_wall': 'Quitar del muro',
+  'dashboard.select_for_wall': 'Seleccionar para el videomuro',
   'team.unavailable_desc': 'Esta función no está disponible mientras se rediseña para funcionar con los Espacios de trabajo. Los datos de los equipos existentes se conservan.',
   'team.unavailable_title': 'Equipos está en rediseño',
   'settings.help_tip': 'Tu perfil, contraseña y verificación en dos pasos, además de tokens de API para integraciones y herramientas para exportar o importar tus datos.',
diff --git a/frontend/js/i18n/fr.js b/frontend/js/i18n/fr.js
index 6ea7fee..e4a8f8c 100644
--- a/frontend/js/i18n/fr.js
+++ b/frontend/js/i18n/fr.js
@@ -2,6 +2,12 @@
 // standard for software UIs in France; tu would feel underdressed for a B2B tool).
 // Native review recommended before publicizing as fully supported.
 export default {
+  'common.close': 'Fermer',
+  'switcher.manage_members': 'Gérer les membres',
+  'switcher.rename': 'Renommer l\'espace de travail',
+  'wall.rename': 'Renommer le mur',
+  'wall.remove_from_wall': 'Retirer du mur',
+  'dashboard.select_for_wall': 'Sélectionner pour le mur d\'images',
   'team.unavailable_desc': 'Cette fonctionnalité est indisponible pendant sa refonte pour fonctionner avec les espaces de travail. Les données des équipes existantes sont conservées.',
   'team.unavailable_title': 'Les équipes sont en cours de refonte',
   'settings.help_tip': 'Votre profil, votre mot de passe et la double authentification, ainsi que les jetons d\'API pour les intégrations et les outils d\'export ou d\'import de vos données.',
diff --git a/frontend/js/i18n/it.js b/frontend/js/i18n/it.js
index 050cc78..09dd9bf 100644
--- a/frontend/js/i18n/it.js
+++ b/frontend/js/i18n/it.js
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 // Italian translations. This file is the source of truth for keys —
 // every other locale should mirror its keys (or fall back to en).
 export default {
+  'common.close': 'Chiudi',
+  'switcher.manage_members': 'Gestisci membri',
+  'switcher.rename': 'Rinomina spazio di lavoro',
+  'wall.rename': 'Rinomina parete',
+  'wall.remove_from_wall': 'Rimuovi dalla parete',
+  'dashboard.select_for_wall': 'Seleziona per la videowall',
   'team.unavailable_desc': 'Questa funzione non è disponibile mentre viene riprogettata per funzionare con gli Spazi di lavoro. I dati dei team esistenti vengono conservati.',
   'team.unavailable_title': 'I team sono in fase di riprogettazione',
   'settings.help_tip': 'Il tuo profilo, la password e l\'accesso a due fattori, oltre ai token API per le integrazioni e agli strumenti per esportare o importare i tuoi dati.',
diff --git a/frontend/js/i18n/pt.js b/frontend/js/i18n/pt.js
index 937bf02..64bb1a6 100644
--- a/frontend/js/i18n/pt.js
+++ b/frontend/js/i18n/pt.js
@@ -2,6 +2,12 @@
 // Reviewed for UI register (informal você). Native review recommended before
 // publicizing as fully supported.
 export default {
+  'common.close': 'Fechar',
+  'switcher.manage_members': 'Gerir membros',
+  'switcher.rename': 'Mudar o nome da área de trabalho',
+  'wall.rename': 'Mudar o nome do mural',
+  'wall.remove_from_wall': 'Remover do mural',
+  'dashboard.select_for_wall': 'Selecionar para o mural de vídeo',
   'team.unavailable_desc': 'Esta funcionalidade está indisponível enquanto é reformulada para funcionar com as Áreas de trabalho. Os dados das equipas existentes são preservados.',
   'team.unavailable_title': 'As equipas estão a ser reformuladas',
   'settings.help_tip': 'O seu perfil, palavra-passe e autenticação de dois fatores, além de tokens de API para integrações e ferramentas para exportar ou importar os seus dados.',
diff --git a/frontend/js/views/dashboard.js b/frontend/js/views/dashboard.js
index 1fc8601..252e629 100644
--- a/frontend/js/views/dashboard.js
+++ b/frontend/js/views/dashboard.js
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ function renderDeviceCard(device) {
   const checked = selectedDeviceIds.has(device.id);
   return `
     <div class="device-card${checked ? ' selected' : ''}" draggable="true" data-device-id="${device.id}" data-device-name="${esc(device.name)}" onclick="window.location.hash='/device/${device.id}'">
-      <label class="device-card-select" title="Select for wall" onclick="event.stopPropagation()">
+      <label class="device-card-select" title="${t('dashboard.select_for_wall')}" onclick="event.stopPropagation()">
         <input type="checkbox" class="device-select-cb" data-device-id="${device.id}"${checked ? ' checked' : ''}>
       </label>
       <div class="device-card-preview" id="preview-${device.id}">
diff --git a/frontend/js/views/designer.js b/frontend/js/views/designer.js
index a8ba70a..f936c1a 100644
--- a/frontend/js/views/designer.js
+++ b/frontend/js/views/designer.js
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ async function openAiSettings() {
     <div class="modal" style="max-width:520px;width:95vw">
       <div class="modal-header">
         <h3>${t('designer.ai.settings_title')}</h3>
-        <button class="btn-icon" data-ai-close aria-label="Close"><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><line x1="18" y1="6" x2="6" y2="18"/><line x1="6" y1="6" x2="18" y2="18"/></svg></button>
+        <button class="btn-icon" data-ai-close aria-label="${t('common.close')}"><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2"><line x1="18" y1="6" x2="6" y2="18"/><line x1="6" y1="6" x2="18" y2="18"/></svg></button>
       </div>
       <div class="modal-body">
         <p style="font-size:12px;color:var(--text-muted);margin-bottom:12px">${t('designer.ai.settings_desc')}</p>
diff --git a/frontend/js/views/video-wall.js b/frontend/js/views/video-wall.js
index fc09e44..316a2e8 100644
--- a/frontend/js/views/video-wall.js
+++ b/frontend/js/views/video-wall.js
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ async function renderWallEditor(container, wallId) {
     <div class="page-header" style="margin-bottom:12px">
       <h1 style="display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px">
         <span id="wallTitleText">${esc(wall.name)}</span>
-        <button class="btn btn-sm" id="renameWallBtn" title="Rename wall" style="padding:2px 8px;font-size:12px">✎</button>
+        <button class="btn btn-sm" id="renameWallBtn" title="${t('wall.rename')}" style="padding:2px 8px;font-size:12px">✎</button>
       </h1>
       <div style="display:flex;gap:8px">
         <button class="btn btn-sm" id="centerViewBtn" title="Re-center and fit content to the viewport">Center</button>
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ async function renderWallEditor(container, wallId) {
         </div>
         ${renderNoteFor(s.device_id) ? `<div class="wall-screen-rendernote" style="font-size:9px;color:var(--warning,#e0a800);margin-top:2px;line-height:1.2">${esc(renderNoteFor(s.device_id))}</div>` : ''}
       </div>
-      <button class="wall-screen-remove" title="Remove from wall">×</button>
+      <button class="wall-screen-remove" title="${t('wall.remove_from_wall')}">×</button>
       ${resizeHandlesHtml()}
     `;
     el.querySelector('.wall-screen-remove').addEventListener('click', (ev) => {
diff --git a/server/test/i18n-keys-exist.test.js b/server/test/i18n-keys-exist.test.js
index 6a65342..711892e 100644
--- a/server/test/i18n-keys-exist.test.js
+++ b/server/test/i18n-keys-exist.test.js
@@ -114,3 +114,19 @@ test('a tip marker in a view always names a real string', () => {
   }
   assert.deepEqual(missing, [], missing.join('\n  '));
 });
+
+test('user-facing labels are translated, not hardcoded English', () => {
+  // A title= is a tooltip the user reads and an aria-label is what a screen reader says. Both
+  // were hardcoded English in a dozen places, so a French user hovering the only route to
+  // workspace members heard "Manage members". They are invisible to the key checks above
+  // precisely because they never call t().
+  const offenders = [];
+  for (const file of sourceFiles(FRONTEND)) {
+    const src = fs.readFileSync(file, 'utf8');
+    for (const m of src.matchAll(/(aria-label|title)="([A-Z][a-zA-Z ]{3,40})"/g)) {
+      offenders.push(`${path.relative(FRONTEND, file)}: ${m[1]}="${m[2]}"`);
+    }
+  }
+  assert.deepEqual(offenders, [],
+    `these ship English regardless of language:\n  ${offenders.join('\n  ')}`);
+});